Organizational References

ASTM International, known until 2001 as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is an international standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary, consensus, technical standards.  Volumes 11.01 (I) and (II) provide sampling and testing standards for water.  Volume 15.01 focuses on chemical properties for engine coolants, and test methods for industrial and specialty chemicals.

The American Water Works Association (AWWA) is the largest nonprofit scientific and technical organization devoted to managing and treating water for potable use.  The California-Nevada Section is a member of the AWWA.

The California Code of Regulations (CCR),Title 22, Division 4, includes environmental health regulations for recyled (reclaimed) water, domestic (drinking) water, and certification of environmental laboratories.  CCR, Title 22, Division 4.5, includes environmental health standards for the management of hazardous waste.

The California EPA has established standards and a process by which a local government may become a Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) to implement regulations for the storage and handling of hazardous materials.

Combined Cycle Journal is the independent voice of the gas-turbine-based generation sector of America’s electricity industry.

The Cooling Technology Institute brings together into a common place, comprehensive information pertaining to cooling towers and other types of equipment that reject heat to the atmosphere.

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is a non-profit, collaborative scientific research organization funded by member utilities and power companies.  Their fossil cycle chemistry guidelines are the most internationally recognized.  EPRI’s guidelines cover, among other topics, all-volatile treatment, the phosphate continuum for boiler water, oxygenated treatment, the control of flow-accelerated corrosion, cycle chemistry in combined cycle steam generators, and the shutdown, layup, startup, and operation of units.

The Clean Water Act of 1977 requires a permit of anyone who discharges a pollutant into a natural body of water that belongs to the United States.   It is illegal to discharge pollutants into waters without an NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) permit. NPDES permits are effective for terms not exceeding five years.  As part of the NPDES permitting process, certain facilities must develop and implement a Best Management Practice (BMP) Plan to address the toxic or hazardous substance releases from a facility into surface waters.  California’s Porter-Cologne Act established a comprehensive statewide system that divided the state into nine geographical regions.  Each region has a Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCB) that coordinates with the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).  In addition, a county board of supervisors or local government may adopt additional restrictions.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 40 CFR (Code of Regulations), Part 136, lists the rules and regulations for chemical sampling and approved test procedures.  Additional parts list chemical limits for point source categories.

Sanitation District, discharge permits from local municpalities define the maximum limits for the volume and quality of wastewater from the plant.

The Edison Electric Institute (EEI) represents all investor-owned utilitiies in the United States.

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) of 1948, the 1972 Amendments, and the Clean Water Act of 1977 have created the basic national framework for water pollution control and water quality management in the United States.

“Power Plant Chemistry” magazine is a monthly journal that covers all power plant chemistry areas.  For the latest information on power plant chemistry, it is an excellent source.

VGB PowerTech, is an internationally recognized European organization that provide cycle chemistry guidelines for the power industry.  VGB is headquartered in Essen, Germany.  VGB is divided into competency centers for: (1) nuclear power, (2) fossil-fired power plants, (3) renewables and distributed generation (4) environmental technology, chemistry, safety, and health, and (6) Operational Services.

The Water Environment Federation (WEF) is the largest nonprofit scientific and technical organization devoted to managing and treating wastewater.  The CWEA (California Water Environment Association) is the largest member of the WEF.